Clinical oncology is a medical specialty focused on treating cancer using non-surgical methods, primarily radiotherapy and systemic therapies like chemotherapy. It involves the use of radiation and drugs to target and destroy cancer cells, aiming to halt or eliminate the disease.

Cancer screening and early detection involve using tests to find cancer in people who don't yet have symptoms, with the goal of increasing chances of successful treatment. Early detection is crucial because treatment is often more effective when cancer is found in its early stages.

In oncology, diagnosis and staging are crucial processes that help determine the presence of cancer and its extent, guiding treatment decisions and prognosis. Diagnosis involves identifying cancer cells through various tests, while staging describes the cancer's spread.

Clinical oncology focuses on treating cancer with therapies that are not surgical, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and newer approaches like immunotherapy and targeted therapy. These treatments are often used in conjunction with surgery or as the primary treatment for certain cancers.